An Important Aspect Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament...

Introduction An important aspect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a postoperative rehabilitation program that aims to return the patient to their daily work activities as soon as possible. There are many variations to a rehabilitation program that have common checkpoints that a physical trainer strives to complete. One variation that is used deals with neuromuscular electrical stimulation and its use to counteract strength loss present after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of the randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of utilizing traditional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or a neuromuscular electrical stimulation integrated knee sleeve to a regular postoperative rehabilitation program. Background The primary goals of rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction are to reduce inflammation, regain normal range of motion, recover neuromuscular strength and functional performance, and ultimately retrain the patient’s body to perform everyday activities once again. Superimposing NMES on a voluntary muscular contraction was shown to be more beneficial to the patient than utilizing a NMES or voluntary muscular contraction separately. Intensity and duration of the NMES treatments were important factors that influenced treatment outcomes as well as overall patient compliance when high stimulation levels were applied. There were two different means that NMES was administered, a traditional Polystim device with lead-wires and a KneehabShow MoreRelatedMost Common Sports Injuries Of Young Kids And Female Athletes Tearing Their Acl1365 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent kinds of common injuries such as a broken leg, rolled ankle, or a sprained knee. The one I will be researching and describing is the ACL injury. Which is one of the most common sports injuries? As Medical Definition states, The ACL is a ligament in the knee that crosses from the underside of the femur (the thigh bone) to the top of the tibia (the bigger bone in the lower leg). In essence, the ACL is a vital part of an athlete s lateral lower body movement which is crucial in any sportRead MoreMri Of The Knee Ligament Tear1283 Words   |  6 Pages MRI of the knee -Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Introduction The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure in maintaining the normal biomechanics of the knee and is the most commonly injured knee ligament. ACL tears may be partial or complete. A partial tear can involve both or only a single bundle to varying degree, can range from a minor tear involving just a few fibers to a high grade near-complete tear involving almost all of the ACL fibers. Anatomy and physiologyRead MorePrevalence Of Injuries During Sports Activities Essay1897 Words   |  8 PagesKnee joint the most frequently undergoing to reconstruction surgeries, especially of repair and rebuild an anterior cruciate ligament tear among the most economically costly sports injuries, habitually requiring expensive surgery and rehabilitation (Joseph A. M. et al, 2013) (Rosemont I., 2015). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a pair of the cruciate ligaments in the human knee (Agur A. M., 2015). It is a broad ligament joining the anterior tibial plateau to the posterior femoral intercondylarRead MoreThe Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( Acl )2485 Words   |  10 Pages â€Æ' Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong rope-like structure that runs through the center of the knee connecting the femur to the tibia. An ACL prevents the femur from moving anteriorly while weight bearing, helps prevent rotation of the joint and is the primary stabilizing structure of the knee and its integrity is essential for walking and any physical activities (Sports Medicine Australia, 2015). An ACL sprain or tear is one of the most common knee injuries, especially amongRead MoreThe Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( Acl )1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is regarded as critical to the normal functioning of the knee, its disruption causing functional impairment, meniscal lesions, and the early onset of joint degeneration (Daniel 1994). The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee originates from the anterior aspect of the tibial plateau, inserting on the lateral femoral condyle. The ligament resists anterior translation and medial rotation o f the tibia to the femur (Dai, 2012). Injury of the ACL is now theRead MoreThe Roles Of A Research : Proper Evaluation Of Sources In Research1570 Words   |  7 PagesProper evaluation of sources is important in research because without reliable and credible sources, the research done holds no credibility. Three sources will be critiqued and evaluated in order to convey how they work together to create a competent research paper. The first source is an academic journal that discusses ligaments and tears and how the advancement of this research and clinical trials display a higher success rate in recovery than previous methods. These methods include surgeries usingRead MoreAcl Injuries Essay5930 Words   |  24 Pagesis the rehabilitation of surgically repair torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Five subjects with this type of injury had been followed weekly with their rehabilitation process and have been noted by date by the supervision of Ashik Popat, PTA. My focus in this project is to learn how patients become candidates for surgery and how rehabilitation can return people back to their maximum attainable status. As an intern, I will gain important experiences of understanding how a physical therapistRead MoreSchool Of Physical Therapy And Rehab Programs1671 Words   |  7 Pagescatching a pass from Tom Brady and attempting to juke the defender in front of him. Wes planted his leg on the turf and it looked as though his foot got caught underneath him with his knee bent, nearly touching the field. Walker had torn his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on that play. The wide receiver suffered a season ending injury while he was leading the league with 123 catches (Marx 17). Although some factors put more people at risk of tearing their ACL, this can really happen to anyone. EvenRead MoreA Study On Open Chain Exercises1906 Words   |  8 Pagesintervention of appropriate treatments for patients post ACL reconstruction. 2. How will the study contribute to existing knowledge? This study is important to determine whether the use of open chain exercises are beneficial for increased quadriceps strength earlier in the rehabilitation protocol. It is important to make sure that this increased strength does not come at the expense of increased anterior ACL laxity. This is important for physical therapists because it will help improveRead MoreTreatment And Treatment Of Rehabilitation941 Words   |  4 PagesTREATMENT Following a specific anterior cruciate ligament injury diagnosis, the first and most important decision for a patient is whether to undergo non-operative or operative management of the injury. In order to establish the most opportune method of treatment there are many components that must be considered, although the decision is ultimately dependent upon the age, activity level, and preferences of the patient. Most often, nonsurgical treatment is chosen for older, more sedentary individuals

Influence of Internet and Information Technology - 5400 Words

Informing Science InSITE - â€Å"Where Parallels Intersect† June 2003 Influence of Internet and Information Technology on Work and Human Resource Management Peter Baloh and Peter Trkman Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia peter.baloh@uni-lj.si peter.trkman@uni-lj.si Abstract Internet has transformed our lives and the way we communicate, how we learn, how we work and spend free time, in essence – it has more or less changed every aspect of human society one can think of. This paper deals with the influence of Internet and information technology on work and human resource management. It observes main novelties and (inevitably coming) changes in areas of staffing, motivating and leading and discusses possible†¦show more content†¦Secondly, combining that with elements of human-resource management we try to predict basic consequences that IT could have on the way employees are rewarded and the way new employees are acquired. The paper is structured according to introduced methodology – section two contains presentation of how Internet and IT have influenced some of the areas of organization s personnel function and a few consequences of that. In the third section mainly various opportunities that organization can take to adjust to the new situation both in its environment and within the organization. Current Influence of the Internet and IT The number of Internet users has grown over 300 million in year 2000 (predictions for year 2005 are set for one billion), a third of USA s economic growth in the period 1996-99 is directly attributed to the Internet explosion. There are over 2 billion web pages and more than 17 million registered domains (State of the Internet, 2000). These facts already indicate that the Internet has significant effect on how, why, where and when people work. The Internet and IT have the most prominent influence on more educated, skilled and ambitious people, especially those, that are regularly working with information and communication technology (ICT). Since they are also the ones that occupy important positions in organizations hierarchy and are therefore of great significance for the overall success of theShow MoreRelatedDoes Social Networking Have A Positive And Or Negative Affect On Individuals?942 Words   |  4 Pageswith friends/family, receiving information, and building relationships. S ocial media has a positive impact on individuals in society because individuals are able to connect with one another via email, twitter, facebook, instagram, snapchat, and etc. With more options of social networking websites, individuals are able to receive information about what is currently happening around the world, or even in their own town. Individuals are not only able to receive information within seconds, but inform othersRead MoreThe Arrival And Proliferation Of Technology1330 Words   |  6 Pages The arrival and proliferation of technologies that are created leads to one understanding of a social adept community with a developed connection, an effective communication with others, and an understanding of cultures. With societal innovation and the combination of technology and the internet, it introduced a social connection and efficient platform for the community. On the other hand, one may understand that such technological advances cause people to be distracted and isolated. In such a spectrumRead MoreInformation Literacy Influence, Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership1068 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Literacy Influence, Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership The mastery of literacy is a fundamental aspect used by scholars in advance studies research and development where leaders gains essential data that is crucial in their decision-making activity. The integration of information literacy into the academic learning is critical to capitalize the characterization of leaders’ ability and credibility within the leadership arena. In this paper it will summarize the key points and discussRead MoreEssay about Cyber Studies1499 Words   |  6 PagesCyber Studies This essay will argue that the influence of new technologies are changing the relationship between the media and their audiences. This concept will be explored by examining the current media communication model and how new technologies influence it’s future. Future media possibilities are raised and the implications of them for the relative industries are discussed. This essay is molded around the idea that these new technologies are giving audiences the power to shape the futureRead MoreImpacts Of Technology E Commerce1471 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Impact of Technology in Business – E-Commerce Since the introduction of the Internet in the 1950’s, development of technology began for use by the military until it was soon introduced to the public for commercial and private use. Throughout the decades ever since, technology was then on the road to sudden rapid expansion, with a big boom in new hardware, software and internet capabilities such as faster computer speeds, faster internet connections and efficient software. Convenient services appearedRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Brain968 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has a big impact on peoples’ daily life. People rely on the information on webs without truly evaluating the trustworthiness of the site. There might be some trustworthy webs but most of them doesn’t contain an accurate and precise information. Since all the information are available on internet, we complete our tasks through internet and never truly utilize our brains. In other words, our brain becomes more indolent and worthless due to the easy accessible of information and lazinessRead MoreInternet Technology And The Internet Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Internet Nowadays, the rapid development of technology and science can bring us many conveniences. And as this developing continued, people are not satisfied with traditional tools and habits. The first technology I want to mentioned is the Internet technology. First of all, what is the internet technology? Internet technology is the ability of the internet to transmit information and data through different servers and systems. Internet technology is important in many areas that allows peopleRead MoreCyberspace : What Technology Can Not Do For Us1564 Words   |  7 PagesWith the advent of communication technology, people can connect with others easily and know the latest information immediately. It enriches individuals’ experiences and knowledge. In the essay â€Å"Democracy in Cyberspace: What Technology Can Cannot Do for Us†, Ian Bremmer explains that individuals use communication technology as a powerful weapon to pursue freedom and democracy, but governments manipulate it to publicize their official view. Communication within technology also accelerates the path of globalizationRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 Pagesideas in an attempt to influence audiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it used to have, especially with millennials, in this attention economy filled with fragmented audiences (Webster Ksiazek 2012). More businesses and marketers have turned their efforts to digital media to influence consumers (Mulhern 2009)Read MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Sociology855 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of technology over the years has become more and more evident as the society picks up on new methods to improve living standards and conditions. Technology, as we know it, is the use of scientific knowledge with the purp ose of solving certain problems or make life easier. The initial use of scientific knowledge has changed over the years as human beings keep innovating ways of making living easier as well as advance the standards of living. This is what has always been described as technological

Tourism Reduces Poverty- An Argumentative Essay †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Reduces Poverty- An Argumentative Essay. Answer: Introduction The term poverty denotes the condition in which the basic amenities of a person or a community like food, shelter and clothing are not met. Poverty is of two types-absolute poverty and relative poverty. The term absolute poverty refers to destitution and is a condition when people are unable to meet the sufficient resources (Hagenaars 2017). On the other hand, relative poverty is a condition when people do not enjoy minimum living standards. Given the reference of the report used in this case, the tourism industry has created the most number of employment in the developing countries. It was found that tourism has generated an amount of US$50 billion to USD$260 between the period of 1990 and 2007 for the developing countries. It was found that out of 46 of the 49 LDCs (Least Developing Countries), tourism is the main source of foreign exchange (Gmelch and Kaul 2018). The aim of the paper is to elucidate and support the contention that tourism reduces poverty with a focus on India and employs scholarly evidence to substantiate the argument. The paper sets to argue that tourism is beneficial for the reduction of poverty and also document counter arguments regarding the same. Tourism industry and its potential in the alleviation of poverty Tourism has direct, indirect and induced impacts on tourism. The induced impact of tourism is its contribution through the provision of direct and indirect employment. The impact of tourism has been found to be beneficial for the rise in GNP (Gross National Product) as it creates employment for the multiple stakeholders like the hotels, restaurants, handloom and handicraft industry, flea market, guides and local shopkeepers. Tourism development as an aspect in any country has been studied from the perspective of financial growth or economic modernization. In the area of development, the emphasis of most countries have been on identifying patterns of economic growth that augments the development. There are two critical paradigms of tourism that is related to poverty. One of them is tourism being labour-intensive and provides small-scale opportunities. Secondly, there is a thrust to revive the natural resources and value the cultural heritage which are significant for the marginalized section. Vanegas, Gartner and Senauer (2015) strongly beliee that tourism becomes an inclusive opportunity for women as it generates employment for them. It has been found that countries such as Bolivia, tourism has filled up 60 per cent of the seats; in case of Muslim countries it has been 10 per cent (Chen, Petrick and Shahvali 2016). The service orientation of the tourism industry combined with the emphasis on low-level domestic tasks enhances the possibility of employment for the women as they are largely involved in the employment sector. Tourists visit the country and return to their country, however the income ushered in through the tourists is instrumental for the contribution to the human capital. This generates income that is effective in developing the infrastructure to forge new business that is significant for the for generating income for the growing population in the context of India. Hugo and Nyaupane (2016) are of the opinion that in many developed and developing countries of the world tourism is the vehicle for earning foreign revenue. It also creates direct and indirect employment. Tourism has been reported to contribute to 5 per cent of the worlds GDP (Step.unwto.org 2018). WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) have reported that tourism contributes to 12 per cent of the GDP of the world and 40 per cent of the GDP of the developing countries of the world. In 2010, it was reported that tourism contributed to 12 per cent of the total GDP (Sharma and Kumar 2018). Tourism has been accounted for generating 8 per cent of employment and it is predicted to generate employment for 324 million and tourism also accounts for 36 per cent of the service exports in the advanced countries of the world (Brako and Joseph 2017). It is found to be the primary economic exchange for 47 per cent of the worlds economy. . It is also reported that it contributes to 66 per cent of the service exports for the developing countries. It is argued that tourism is considered as a major cause for poverty alleviation, generation of employment and also fosters human development. Tourism has indirect impact on the generation of income and employment. In the context of India, tourism is found to be contributing to one-third of the foreign exchange of the worlds foreign exchange revenue in India. In India, the tourism industry is the most vibrant industry and is predicted to be a multi-million industry. It was found that travel and tourism would generate culminate to 24, 931, 000 jobs for the multiple stakeholders in the tourism industry (Seetanah et al. 2017). This means hotels, travel agents, transportation and airlines will benefit from such a trend. According to Kalaiya and Kumar (2015) Kachchh is touted to be a bastion for immense possibilities to attract tourists from all over the world. There is a robust revival of the tourism sector thus making the Kachchh region a frontrunner in the tourism sector. It has been found that the Rannutsav in Kachchh has indirectly contributed to the livelihood of the local communities. The entry fee alone generated 516955 INR and the footfall of the tourists are 66656 in 2011 that includes NRI , foreign tourists, Gujarati community as well as the non-Gujarati people (Tang, Tiwari and Shahbaz 2016). The activities of hot air balloon and other terrain vehicles lead to the generation of 2.24 lakh INR. Tourism industry and the scope of alleviation of poverty Scholars who staunchly believe in the positive impact of tourism are of the opinion that the tourism industry generates employment for the poor and enable them to earn their livelihood (Antonakakis, Dragouni and Filis 2015). In this light, the PPT (Pro-poor tourism) needs to be discussed. The concept of Pro-poor tourism, also known as PPT, has been credited for generating multiple advantages for the poor. This orientation of tourism has a pro-poor approach as it ensures their growth. This can be witnessed in the creation of part-time employment along with a cluster of different livelihood benefits like access to road, markets, health, potable water and education. Mowforth and Munt (2015) argues that this kind of approach to tourism is not just labour intensive but is inclusive of women and also boosts the informal economy. Apart from private enterprises, the concerned communities, government, NGO and the tourists all have key roles to play in the alleviation of poverty. Irrespective of the size of the country, tourism is considered to provide boost for the generation of finance (Ravallion 2017). Tourism is believed to have strong linkage with other sectors of the economy like fisheries and agriculture. This kind of connection will augment the growth of tourism. Ravallion (2017) is firmly of the opinion that the rise in demand for one sector, it is believed that there will be a growth in the other sectors too like the transport sector. Tourism is premised on the natural resources which are the assets of the poor and therefore can be easily developed. Tourism also involves women who can become important vehicles in the alleviation of poverty. The variegated infrastructure related to the development of tourism like electricity, road and communication are believed to be pertinent for the several rural communities who would otherwise been deprived from the infrastructural provision (Holden 2016). Apart from direct and indirect modes of employment, tourism also has i mplications for induced employment. This underscore on re-expenditure of the income generated through direct and indirect means of employment. High employment opportunities in the tourism sector is contingent on four key areas that includes the presence of low paying jobs, pervasion of temporary and part-time jobs and seasonal intensity (Antonakakis, Dragouni and Filis 2015). Tourism is found to exhaust a series of non-traded goods and services from the local suppliers. Holden (2016) contends that over the past decade, there has been a remarkable proliferation in the tourism industry compared to other industries. The correlation between the alleviation of poverty and tourism is not a new issue but it has existed since 1960s. Countries that veer towards using tourism as a major source of income are found to be growing a faster pace than other competing countries. Another luminous example of reduction of poverty using tourism is the possibility of slum tourism in Dharavi (Nisbett 2017 ). Private players, charitable trust and various NGOs can come together and create tourist itineraries. It will also enable tourists to challenge the stenotypes in India and be aware about the detrimental effects of globalization. Argument against the role of tourism in the alleviation of poverty Studies have shown that tourism might always be in favour of the marginalized communities and poorer section of the society. It is reported that tourism has been in favour of the local elites, expatriate and international and international enterprises therefore generating low income and limiting the scope of employment for the poor. If the framework of tourism is poorly planned, organized and executed then it has potential to destroy the ecological system, it can raise the cost of living for the local communities and can have pernicious effects on the cultural, social and traditional lives of the people. Brako and Joseph (2017) argues that economic growth and development is not the only parameter for the alleviation of poverty. There needs to be a complete reorientation that would advocate the cause and interest of the poor. There needs to be a reconceptualization and reinterpretation in the existing laws, rules, regulations, customs and practices that would play a pivotal role in th e reduction of poverty. Contrary to the popular notion of tourism having the potential to reduce poverty, critics have argued it can lead to the commercial0ization of poverty and expose the concerned poor people to more problems (Nisbett 2017). In case of the Dharavi slum tourism, objections were raised by the government as it demeaning the image of the country in front of the foreign tourists and could counter the benefits reaped through tourism. Tourism can pose threat if it generating employment for one sector like fisheries and agriculture and is limiting the opportunities for other sectors. This leads to the condition of employment distortion. In case, technical staff and expatriate managers are employed at a higher rate, the local communities may express resentment on their loss. Another negative aspect related to tourism is related to the seasonal nature of tourism and therefore, it is not a sustainable option for the poor throughout the year (Mowforth and Munt 2015). Tourism poses threat to the destruction of cultural assets and the degradation of the cultural resources. In the broader context of the global issues related to the depletion of the resources and degradation of the environment, tourism can have negative effect on the environment. As noted by scholars, tourism as an industry demands a lot of expenditure and therefore, the lack of engagement of the poor can reduce the attraction of tourism from the poor destinations. Therefore, the income that would be generated would not benefit the poor but the affluent and well-off sections of the society as consistent with the trickle effect. Since tourism is directly proportional to the socio-cultural, political, environmental and economic condition, the absence of social security and insurance can push the poor towards more vulnerable condition (Vanegas, Gartner and Senauer 2015). This would be especially in a situation when there would be the downswing of demand. Tourism may also lead to the increase in crime like drug pedalling and trafficking. Many poor localities lack the adequate transport and communication that is main basis of support for the growth of tourism Conclusion The main argument of the essay was that the tourism industry plays a significant role in alleviation of poverty. The tourism industry creates employment for the local communities and provides them an opportunity to introduce their culture and talent to the tourists. For the developing countries, especially there is a need to boost the tourism industry and tap the benefits reaped through it as foreign exchange will increase the Gross Nation Product (GNP) of the country. The Kachchh region in Gujarat is a luminous example in this line as it has created benefits for multiple stakeholders. However, thrust on tourism to alleviate poverty can also have its detrimental effects. The advantages reaped through tourism might be limited to the affluent and well-off sections of the society and the benefits are never reached to the poor. Tourism can also pose threat to the cultural assets and natural resources of the poor communities and heighten their problems. The seasonal nature of the industry will not incur sustainable benefits for the poor, therefore exacerbating their conditions in the lean season. Since tourism is contingent on the improvement in transport and communication, poorly developed regions inhabited by the local communities will not be able to reap the benefits incurred through tourism. References Antonakakis, N., Dragouni, M. and Filis, G., 2015. How strong is the linkage between tourism and economic growth in Europe?.Economic Modelling,44, pp.142-155. Brako, P. and Joseph, S.T., 2017. Study on How Economic Reforms Have Affected Tourism in India over the Decade. Chen, C.C., Petrick, J.F. and Shahvali, M., 2016. Tourism experiences as a stress reliever: Examining the effects of tourism recovery experiences on life satisfaction.Journal of Travel Research,55(2), pp.150-160. Gmelch, S.B. and Kaul, A., 2018.Tourists and tourism: A reader. Waveland Press. Hagenaars, A.J., 2017. The definition and measurement of poverty. InEconomic Inequality and Poverty: International Perspectives(pp. 148-170). Routledge. Holden, A., 2016.Environment and tourism. Routledge. Hugo, N.C. and Nyaupane, G.P., 2016. Poverty Alleviation in Third World Countries through Tourism Development: A Comparison Study of Costa Rica and icaragua. Kalaiya, A.B. and Kumar, A., 2015. Tourism as a development tool: A study on role of tourism in economic development, employment generation and poverty reduction: Special focus on Kachchh.International Journal,3(7), pp.189-197. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Nisbett, M., 2017. Empowering the empowered? Slum tourism and the depoliticization of poverty.Geoforum,85, pp.37-45. Ravallion, M., 2017.Poverty comparisons. Routledge. Seetanah, B., Nunkoo, R., Sannassee, R.V., Georges, P. and Jaffur?, W.M.Z.R.K., 2017. A meta-analysis of the tourism and economic growth nexus.BEST EN Think Tank XVII: Innovation and Progress in Sustainable Tourism, p.180. Sharma, S. and Kumar, K., 2018. Tourism and Its Counterpart in Sustaining the Indian Economy.Multidisciplinary Higher Education, Research, Dynamics Concepts: Opportunities Challenges For Sustainable Development (ISBN 978-93-87662-12-4),1(1), pp.344-347. Step.unwto.org. (2018).Tourism and Poverty Alleviation | Tourism and Poverty Alleviation. [online] Available at: https://step.unwto.org/content/tourism-and-poverty-alleviation-1 [Accessed 23 Mar. 2018]. Tang, C.F., Tiwari, A.K. and Shahbaz, M., 2016. Dynamic inter-relationships among tourism, economic growth and energy consumption in India.Geosystem Engineering,19(4), pp.158-169. Vanegas Sr, M., Gartner, W. and Senauer, B., 2015. Tourism and poverty reduction: An economic sector analysis for Costa Rica and Nicaragua.Tourism economics,21(1), pp.159-182.

Responsible Tourism free essay sample

The growth of tourism across the world has been spectacular – in the last 10 years, tourism industry recorded a growth of over 10%, accounting for 10% of the world’s economic activity and is one of the main employment creating sectors. UNWTO is predicting over 1500 million international arrivals by 2020, over double the present level. UNEP and UNWTO have encouraged policy makers to adopt strategies, policies and tools of sustainable development. In summary, these are about strengthening the benefits through tourism while minimizing the costs. There is also the realization that tourism can play a role in addressing poverty, by bringing sources of income closer to some of the poorest communities. Governments have to play a leading role in the process of sustainability – as the authority of regulation, the body responsible for public assets and resources affected by tourism, and as policy makers. Kerala has recorded remarkable levels of growth in tourism arrivals in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible Tourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kerala recorded 6. million domestic tourists and 4. 28 foreign tourists arrival in the year 2006, the average annual growth in domestic tourists is more than 18 % over the past decade. The annual growth rate for foreign tourist arrivals is over 20%, and over 5% for domestic tourists. Government has recognized the potential of tourism to provide employment, to raise resources and to become a prominent economic sector in the state’s economy. Improvement in infrastructure, better air connectivity and innovative marketing has resulted in the boom in the tourism sector. The tourism industry in Kerala Kerala has about 300 hotels, with a room inventory of about 10,000 classified rooms. It is estimated that there would be another 10,000 rooms in the unclassified hotels, guest houses, homestays and other informal accommodation. It is to be noted that more than 80% of the room inventory is owned and operated by businesses which are locally owned. Kerala tourism is a suceess story in marketing chiefly because of the projection of a consistent brand image, innovative promotion strategies, positive perception of the overall environmental quality and safety and security of visitors. It is also the success of the private businesses that have delivered a quality of experience and service that has made the destination very popular. Lastly, the Department of Tourism (Kerala Tourism) has built up a productive partnership platform with the private sector in the marketing and promotion front resulting in an aggressive and sustained brand reinforcement and promotion effort. Kerala Tourism recognizes that sustainable tourism can go hand in hand with large volumes, and is not confined to a niche alone. The concerns of Kerala Tourism are : †¢Managing dynamic growth †¢Maximizing the contribution of tourism to local economic prosperity †¢Ensuring fair distribution of economic benefits locally, and harnessing tourism for poverty alleviation efforts †¢Human resource development to capture employment opportunity for local populations †¢Minimizing environmental impacts †¢Pursuing multi-stakeholder engagement Impacts and Concerns Alongside the rapid developments, there are also concerns about the negative impacts of tourism in the state. Prominent economic concerns are the minimal impact of the developments in the economic scenario of local populations, leakages, over dependency on tourism, restriction of employment for local population etc. Other aspects like environmental degradation due to unregulated development, loss of common property resources and pollution have also been highlighted. The Responsible Tourism Intitiative in Kerala Department of Tourism has decided to develop policies, strategies and plans for sustainable tourism. Accordingly, it was decided to adopt the guiding principles of responsible tourism, in economic, social and environmental spheres. A multi stakeholder, participatory approach was advocated to take the initiative forward. It was recognized that the first step to adopting the principles of Responsible Tourism will have to be an extensive consultative exercise, which would determine the contours of the overall strategy. The State RT Initiative was kicked off at the state level consultation. This paper proposes to detail the steps taken as part of the RT initiative, leading up to the formal inauguration of the programme. The issues and concerns of major stakeholder groups that emerged during the discussions are listed in detail, as these describe the perceptions and opinions about the tourism sector before the multi stakeholder engagement was initiated. State Consultation The objective of the consultative workshop was to engage all stakeholders in the formulation of a strategy and policies; and to ensure effective coordination of actions and an ongoing dialogue between stakeholders. The effort was to bring together diverse opinions and persons with knowledge and expertise, and to ensure the commitment of support and resources to a common, shared agenda. It was with this in view, the Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala decided to organise a state-level consultation on Responsibility in Tourism in association with the International Centre for Responsible Tourism. The two day workshop was attended by wide range of stakeholders including representatives from state government departments, local self governments (panchayats, municipalities and corporations), different segments of the tourism industry, civil society organisations, NGOs, academicians and media. The discussions were moderated by Prof. Harold Goodwin, from the International Centre for Responsible Tourism. The department’s partnering with an NGO with a track record of emphatic criticism of government policy and performance, to spearhead the initiative was met with surprise from many quarters. Both partners entered into this partnership expecting a great deal of flak for associating with the ‘other side’. However this was a well though out move – the credibility of the government in pushing for responsibility among a skeptical civil society that was waging a war against the ‘damage’ that tourism was inflicting on the environmental and socio economic fabric of the state was crucial for effective stakeholder engagement and collaborative action. From the point of view of the NGO this was perhaps the best opportunity to engage the government for developing sustainable frameworks and models that would address the negative impacts of tourism. For the industry this association would do good only if it helped generate greater good will and understanding locally about the opportunities that tourism provided for the local economy, and bring heightened value to the tourist experience which would, in turn fuel an increase in quality business. The programme had to bring the various stakeholders in the industry, the local government and the civil society together for a meaningful debate and agreement on areas of collaboration for responsibility. Keeping this in mind, the programme was divided into two – the introduction of the theme of Responsible tourism in the Kerala context and detailed thematic discussions. During the introductory presentation and discussions, there were presentations on the different perceptions of the impact of tourism industry, case studies and the development of a discussion framework. The second day was devoted to thematic discussions where the issues regarding economic, social and environmental sustainability were articulated and documented. For sub group discussions, the participants were categorized into three groups: 1. Local self governments Civil society organisations 2. Tourism Industry 3. State Government departments and organisations The undiluted perceptions in respect of issues faced by the industry, as well as those created on account of tourism activity were to be elicited from each stakeholder group. Each group was therefore asked to freely discuss on the issues related to economic, social and environment responsibility from their point of view. The views of each group are given below in some detail, as these bring out vividly the different perceptions of tourism. I. Local Self Governments Civil Society Organisations The issues identified by the group are summarised below: Economic †¢Opportunity costs are not taken into account while implementing tourism projects †¢Special Tourism Zones will bring in lot of inequalities and does not match with the concept of responsible tourism. The method of calculation of tourism statistics is not correct leading to wrong projects on infrastructure development †¢Importance is given only for foreign tourists †¢Expenditure pattern of tourists not monitored properly †¢The exact requirements of the tourism industry are not known locally †¢No involvement of panchayats in tourism projects †¢No tourism projects are reported in gramasabhas †¢Large amount of subsidies and incentives given to tourism industry †¢No bench mark data available for economic, social and environment aspects †¢Over dependence on tourism in some tourism destinations Local governments have been lax in assessment and collection of building tax and entertainment tax Social and Cultural. The local labourers are not given proper recognition and opportunities for employment †¢Labour standards are not maintained †¢Traditional jobs are lost †¢Low education standards in rural villages denies jobs †¢No consideration for people working in the informal sectors †¢Promoting art forms is not culture tourism †¢Commodification of art forms †¢Change in food habits of local community; promotes menu suiting foreigners †¢The dangers of sex tourism †¢Contradictions on State and panchayat Raj act not recognised.

blnchinki essays

blnchinki essays Unprotected sex, dirty needles,pills!! Now that I have your attention, today Ill be talking to you about the causes and effects on how you can contract this deadly virus. But first let me start by explaining what Aids/HIV really is and what it does to you once you have contracted the Aids virus. Aids/Aids lowers your immune systems ability to produce the white blood cells and antibodies that protect you from colds, infections, etc. Lowered immunity makes a person vulnerable to attacks from different types of viruses. Such as simple colds, fungi, bacteria may lead to infectious diseases and tumors. Eventually these illnesses may cause death. A simple cold can become deadly to a person whos infected with the Aids virus. There are many ways you can contract this deadly virus. One is by drug use and the second is having unprotected sex. You can contract Aids by using someone elses contaminated needle during drug use. If the needle your using is a dirty needle that someone else used and had Aids you easily contract Aids from them. Due to the blood thats left in the needle or on the needle from the other person. The second way you can contract the Aids virus is by having unprotected sex or through oral sex. Infection of the virus can occur through anal or vaginal intercourse or oral genital sex with an infected partner. The virus is present in semen and vaginal secretions of an infected person. It enters your body through small tears that can develop in vaginal or rectal tissues during sexual activity. Unsafe sex not only pertains to adults but also to kids and teenagers of all ages. Its doesnt matter how old or young you are, you can contract Aids at any age. There are many effects of this deadly virus. Aids causes sickness weakness of the body and in most cases death. The body gets weaker and isnt be able to fu...

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page It is the night before the important day. Rehearsal dinners are less formal than the actual wedding dinner. But often, close family members and friends make rehearsal dinner toasts to the bride and groom. With an appropriate choice of words, good rehearsal dinner toasts can set the right mood for the big day. Here are some quotes for rehearsal dinner toasts. Amy TanI am like a falling star who has finally found her place next to another in a lovely constellation, where we will sparkle in the heavens forever. Don ByasYou call it madness, but I call it love. Ralph BlockYoure nothing short of my everything. Robert BrowningGrow old with me! The best is yet to be. Margot AsquithShe tells enough white lies to ice a wedding cake. Roy CroftI love youNot for what you areBut for what I am when I am with you. William Butler YeatsI have spread my dreams under your feetTread softly because you tread on my dreams. The NotebookThe best love is the kind that awakens the soul and makes us reach for more, that plants a fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds, and thats what youve given me. Thats what I hope to give to you forever. Kahlil GibranMarriage is like a golden ring in a chain, whose beginning is a glance and whose ending is eternity. SophoclesOne word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: that word is love. Cole PorterNight and day you are the one,Only you beneath the moon and under the sun. PlatoAt the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. Arthur RubinsteinIt took great courage to ask a beautiful young woman to marry me. Believe me, it is easier to play the whole Petrushka on the piano. HomerThere is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends. Erma BombeckPeople shop for a bathing suit with more care than they do a husband or wife. The rules are the same. Look for something youll feel comfortable wearing. Allow for room to grow. Gwendolyn BrooksWe are each others harvest; we are each others business; we are each others magnitude and bond. Marc ChagallIn our life there is a single color, as on an artists palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of love. Langston HughesWhen people care for you and cry for you, they can straighten out your soul. Ogden NashTo keep your marriage brimming, with love in the wedding cup, whenever you’re wrong, admit it; whenever you’re right, shut up. Ronald ReaganThe man who puts into the marriage only half of what he owns will get that out. Ruth Bell GrahamA good marriage is the union of two good forgivers. I Corinthians 13:13There are three things that last: faith, hope, and love, and the greatest of these is love. Maryon PearsonBehind every great man, there is a surprised woman. Walter RauschenbuschWe never live so intensely as when we love strongly. We never realize ourselves so vividly as when we are in full glow of love for others. Lao TzuTo love someone deeply gives you strength. Being loved by someone deeply gives you courage. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyLove does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. Oscar WildeBigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same. John Keating, Dead Poets SocietyWe dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. Beverly NicholsMarriage a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and the remaining chapters written in prose. Douglas JerroldIn all of the wedding cake, hope is the sweetest of plums. City of AngelsI would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it.

Week 12 Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 12 Replies - Essay Example nice post! i can only imagine how difficult it was to implement that kind of change regarding cell phone use. because people seem to be connected at the hip with their cellphones it is really difficult to find a way to keep everyone in tow. the solution your company came up with is great. however, what is going to be the effect on company expenses in the long run? i mean if im the employee and i knew i was going to get a gift, then id always try to fill up my card fast. hi nice post! you are right. unless people do not see the reason why a change is needed, they will not support the move for change. it is important to show them that the need is necessary. this is the only time people can decide whether they will support the change or not. Thats true Antonia. Meeting all members/workers and listening to their concerns shows them that management respects them. This will foster loyalty. However, I think it also depends on the size of the organization. it can be hard to do this for a very large organization. nice post! i think it will always be hard to implement changes especially if the change affects ones lifestyle. this is something personal. like your example, ive seen many places prohibit smoking in their grounds/facility. what the smokers did was move to a parking lot near those buildings and smoke there instead. i think if people want to get around a change, they will find a way. Hi nice post. i agree with your steps you will take as a leader to meet resistance to change. you are right. forcing change on people without open communication will have bad results. being open to all stakeholders will indeed facilitate a smoother

Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Religion - Research Paper Example A shaman is an individual considered as having access to, and power in, the world of malevolent and benevolent spirits, who normally gets into a state of trance during a ritual and practices healing and divination (Kehoe 3). Rituals play a significant role in establishing and sustaining group solidarity. In totemic communities, each descent group has a plant, animal or geographical element through which they claim descent (Baldick 33). Totems are at the peak of ancestor of clans. Clan members cannot kill or devour their totem, except after one year when the clan members assembled for ceremonies in honor of the totem (Baldick 33). Totemism is a religion wherein elements of nature perform as sanctified templates for society through means of emblematic association. They express their religion by using nature as a model for society. Each and every descent cluster has a totem, which inhabits a particular niche in nature. Also, social differences echo the natural arrangement of the environment (Baldick 34). For instance, the Ahimsa of the Hindu doctrine of nonviolence (a religion that is well known to practice Totemism) forbids the murdering of animals. Finally, totems express their religions through intimate association of friendship and defense between an individual and a natural object or a specific animal (at times, between an individual and different species of animals); the natural object can offer unique power to its holder (Baldick 34). Shamanism is comprehended by some individuals to be a prehistoric form of religio-magic or religion practiced by the aboriginals of the northern part of Asia and by all other aboriginals in other areas of the globe (Kehoe 56). This view is held by Kharuzin, Mikhailowski, as well as other Russian scholars (Kehoe 56). Others argue that Shamanism was merely one form of religious expression of the cult of the northern part of

Operational Difference †Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay Example for Free

Operational Difference – Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay As I went through the historical span of Burger King History, the franchises of Burger King played a major part in expansion of the parent company from the early 1960’s till date. The relation of franchises and management has always been influential and significant in success and failures of Burger King History. Primarily, the company operated with major investment from franchises and minimal from the company, so the decisions and relationship with franchises was crucial. Flame broiler a unique device that improved with decades in Burger King history The company was set-up on the basis of the oven called ‘Insta-broiler’ for cooking burgers. The purpose had been inspired from McDonald’s speedy service. It was further mechanised into a gas grill without changing patties and self functional by means of a conveyor belt. Further, the device was also customised and technologically advanced to produce Chicken sandwich, Chicken Whopper, Veggie burger, etc. Drive –thru service The company though was working hard on franchises and unique device to meet operational needs; it was mainly oriented to meet demand of production at ‘Drive-thru’ restaurants. This was because the company had major part of its sales revenue i.e. 70 % from ‘Drive-thru’ operations. Later this competence was adapted by McDonald and other competitors as well. However the effectiveness and efficiency of Burger King’s ‘Drive-thru’ was easily highlighted. Competitive methods of Burger King The purpose of its competitive strategy is to build a sustainable competitive advantage over the organization’s rivals. It defines the fundamental decisions that guide the organization’s marketing, financial management and operating strategies. As there were many significant changes in the history of Burger King, eventually there were different competitive methods used in different span in history. Some of the significant competitive methods are listed as follows: 1} Initial decade in Burger king’s history, ‘Insta-broiler’ a device competitive in making burgers and technological advancements in the same gave it a competitive advantage. 2} High amount of franchises worldwide executed major ownership stake and customised operations in the outlets. This was tightened and a new company structure was formed, followed by a new competitive aptitude. [Year 1963 -1967] 3} Push sale approach led increase in competitive breakfast market and thus improve in position in market. Burger King moved to second position in US fast food market after McDonald. [Year 1982-1985] 4} Launched a Burger King Kids Club program that help the company to increase sales and successful entry into a new market segment. [Year 1990-1995] 5} Introduction of a TURNAROUND PLAN named ‘Go Forward Plan’, which was significant to attain objectives like increasing profit, create a customer image, teamwork, etc.[Year 2000]. One more advantage Burger King introduced was ‘Revamped Chicken Whopper’, helpful to compete with other competitors. Burger King McDonald’s (BK is simply not as big as McD) Some of the basic company facts and objectives of both the companies, help us understand how Burger King is not as big as McDonald’s in global terms. Facts Burger King McDonald Founder 1941 by Richard and Maurice McDonald 1953 by Keith J.Cramer Present chain 12,150 outlets in 50 states and US territories and 74 countries More than 31,000 outlets in 119 countries Revenue $2.5 Billion Number of employees 360,000 employees 1,500,000 employees (1.5 million) Customers 11.8 million customers daily worldwide 58 million customers across the globe Products offered Flame-broiled burgers including the Whopper, Burger King also offers chicken sandwiches, fish sandwiches, French fries, onion rings, salads, chicken fries and Croissanwiches for breakfast. McDonald’s predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald’s offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps Calorie content A Burger King Double Whopper has around 920 calories A McDonalds Big Mac consists of 540 calories Objectives Burger King McDonalds Market share 21.9 % in US fast food industry 44% in US fast food industry Value for money More bigger product for reasonable price Product size is smaller with inexpensive price Franchising More than 90 % of the outlets are franchised A little less than 30 % Suppliers The suppliers vary with various franchise in different locations worldwide. McDonald chooses best suppliers and type and quality of meat varies with country culture. Advertising The BK adverts were quite confusing and sending wrong messages in potential market which affected cultural values and also brand image at times. McDonalds often had appropriate ways of advertising and were supportive to increase sales and popularity of the brand. Issues relating to Burger King The case study is very critical in understanding the issues related with Burger King’s history. Some of the prominent issues from past to present can be listed as follows: Franchise management – The company found it difficult to manage more than 90% franchise in the business of Burger King products and services. Crucial reason was also the percentage of stake ownership , which was initially 38% and was improved to 42% by Donald Smith, former McDonald executive. Changes in leadership – The history of Burger King marked approximately 20 changes in management. The changes in short term span affected oragnisation focus over goals and objectives, affected brand image adversely and lacked consistency in operation. Unhealthy food – The Company came prominently in highlight during the era from 2003 as potential customers had responded to be health conscious. The period marked spread of mad-cow disease and obesity levels among children was a rising concern. Market recession – The US economy faced economic recession from 2006 and needs brand to take effective measures to sustain and avoid losing loyal customers to competitors. Recommendations for future development in UK The Burger King opened its first branch/outlet in UK in 1977 on Coventry Street in London. Since then till date Burger King has 654 restaurants in UK ( out of which 73 are owned) whereas it has 139 ‘drive-through’ restaurants. Considering the present fast food environment in UK, following recommendations come in lime-light: HEALTHY FOOD – Burger King UK has currently many problems within the environment in company and surrounding, however one of the prime concern is healthy food. The company needs to produce fast food with less saturated fats and salt content. The problem of obesity in UK is high as well and addressing to this concern is the need of demand to survive over the competitors. PRIME LOCATIONS and EVENTS – Burger King needs to increase its influence and market share in UK, by serving at prime hot spots as well as at travel destinations. The presence of Burger King on high streets and at various national rail stations and airport is reasonable, however it needs to be accessible at hot tourist spots and business oriented commercial areas. SPEED – Burger King needs to increase its speed of delivering products and services to customers, as it has been competing with McDonalds over more than 50 years and still lacks speed during peak periods. Speed in operations helps to generate revenue in coping zone. Schools of strategy – Burger King’s evolution (analyse critically) Strategy formation is judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it is about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during †¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Henry Mintzberg However there is a difference in perspective leading to strategy arguments. Mintzberg identified this and tried to debate and answer different perspectives through his 10 Schools of Strategy/Thinking. The burger King History prominently highlights two of them, explained as follows: 1] The Power School – Strategy Systems as Processes of Negotiation According to the power school, strategy systems are described to be mainly shaped by power and politics, whether as a process inside the enterprise itself or as the behaviour of the enterprise as a whole within its external environment. Strategies that may result from such processes tend to be emergent in nature, and take the forms of positions and actions more than perspectives. On the one hand parts of the power school (‘micro power’) see strategy making as the interplay, through persuasion, bargaining, and sometimes through direct confrontation, among narrow scope interests and shifting coalitions, with none dominant for any significant period. On the  other hand other parts of power school (‘macro power’) see the enterprise as promoting its own welfare by controlling or cooperating with other enterprise (such as Franchises), through the use of strategic manipulation as well as collective strategies in various kinds of networks and alliances. EXAMPLE – Burger King at different period in history, tried to take control over franchises by executing greater control over their operations and direct confrontation with various industry giants/ suppliers. These various processes implemented to achieve power through strategy highlights ‘THE POWER SCHOOL’. 2] The Configuration School – Strategy Systems as Process of Transformation The school follows a formation approach wherein the organisation is transforming into one type of decision making structure into another. The school interrupts the period of stability by some process of transformation. It has configuration of strategy formation from other nine schools which are – Design school – Strategy formation as an architecture process Planning school – Strategy formation as a formal process Positioning school Strategy formation as an analytical process Entrepreneurial school – Strategy formation as a visionary process Cognitive school – Strategy formation as a mental process Learning (or Emergent) school – Strategy formation as an emergent process Power school – Strategy formation as a process of negotiation Cultural school – Strategy formation as a collective process Environmental school – Strategy formation as a reactive process The school recognises a appropriate combination of any one or more of them taking into context a particular type. EXAMPLE – Burger King history marks use of Positioning school in year 1980 -1983 to create a brand image and achieve second position in US fast food market. Click here to Continue Reading this Article Rate This Article Tags: burger king, free essay Category: Business, Free Essays Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Subscribe If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. Including student tips and advice. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube Click here to ask a question about this article.  « Management Function: Critical Analysis of the role of a modern industrial manager Shareholder-Wealth Maximization model (SWM): a Financial Report on Luton Brickworks Plc.  » Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Analysis of Marks and Spencer’s Past Failures and Present Developments Strategic Analysis of Marks and Spencers Plc (MS) Looking for Something Similar? Get Student Advice We send regular advice and updates for students. We promise not to spam. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- Organization

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Businesses today often promote change to create a better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factors within an organization. Managers should clearly define these terms to create a more efficient and effective work environment. â€Å"Your Company† ensures growth and success by establishing strict guidelines and procedures which include these factors of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 5). By monitoring organizational behavior on a constant basis the managers in an organization can implement changes as needed to improve the performance of the organization and the individual employees. At â€Å"Your Company†, understanding the organizational behavior helps managers implement new technologies and ideas. This is done by observing the changes which must be made in order to achieve a more productive and successful organization. One of the most observable aspects of the OB is the attitude of the employees at â€Å"Your Company†. From the moment a person walks in the door they can feel the sense of pride and motivation that each employee has to do the best they can. This enables the employees to work efficiently as a team and be as productive as possible. Organizational culture is a shared set of beliefs and values within an organization ... ...ans are able to work efficiently and effectively by paying attention to detail and following the guidelines and procedures standardized by management. Good communication facilitates a pleasant environment to work in as well as employee appreciation incentives such as the technician bonus program and quarterly picnics to thank the employees for their hard work. By maintaining strict interviewing and hiring practices managers are able to enlist the skills of talented individuals who work well as a team or individually. This ensures employee independence as well as facilitates team building and a sense of pride in the work they perform. References Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G., & Osborn, R.N. (2008). Organizational Behavior (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. â€Å"Your Company† (2008). Retrieved November 8, 2008, from: http://www.†Your Company†inc.com Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- Organization Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Businesses today often promote change to create a better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factors within an organization. Managers should clearly define these terms to create a more efficient and effective work environment. â€Å"Your Company† ensures growth and success by establishing strict guidelines and procedures which include these factors of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008, p. 5). By monitoring organizational behavior on a constant basis the managers in an organization can implement changes as needed to improve the performance of the organization and the individual employees. At â€Å"Your Company†, understanding the organizational behavior helps managers implement new technologies and ideas. This is done by observing the changes which must be made in order to achieve a more productive and successful organization. One of the most observable aspects of the OB is the attitude of the employees at â€Å"Your Company†. From the moment a person walks in the door they can feel the sense of pride and motivation that each employee has to do the best they can. This enables the employees to work efficiently as a team and be as productive as possible. Organizational culture is a shared set of beliefs and values within an organization ... ...ans are able to work efficiently and effectively by paying attention to detail and following the guidelines and procedures standardized by management. Good communication facilitates a pleasant environment to work in as well as employee appreciation incentives such as the technician bonus program and quarterly picnics to thank the employees for their hard work. By maintaining strict interviewing and hiring practices managers are able to enlist the skills of talented individuals who work well as a team or individually. This ensures employee independence as well as facilitates team building and a sense of pride in the work they perform. References Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G., & Osborn, R.N. (2008). Organizational Behavior (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. â€Å"Your Company† (2008). Retrieved November 8, 2008, from: http://www.†Your Company†inc.com

Suicide in the Trenches Analysis

Suicide in the Trenches – an analysis What is the meaning of war? What is war like? How do soldiers feel in a war? Glorious? Depressed? This poem accurately shows the harsh but sadly true reality of war – death, suicide and depression. Indeed, as quoted by Sir Williams Henry – â€Å"Nobody in his right mind would enjoy war†. The point of view is third person. This is effective in showing one case of suicide, in third person observation, representing the depression and desire to quickly die in everyone else. Life is really worse than death – and this is shown through the eye-catching title â€Å"Suicide in the Trenches†.The word â€Å"trenches† further emphasized that not only is this depression possessed by one young soldier boy, but also by many others in war. The setting is in depressing, smelly, and stuffy trenches as the title has blatantly stated. The story is about a young soldier boy’s transformation from a happy and inno cent person into a depressed soldier who desires to kill himself, because life is really worse than death. The poet deliberately uses the small boy as an example to gain the reader’s sympathy. The structure of the poem is three stanzas with four lines in each. The rhyme scheme is A-A-B-B in each stanza.This seems to be a rigid structure, but it really does bring out how one’s initial carefree innocence and freedom is being lost once he enters the cruel and depressing battlefield, or in this case, trenches. The tone in the poem is obviously a bitter and sarcastic one as we can see from the last stanza – â€Å"You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye†¦ †. Sassoon strongly feels the general public is unable to empathize with soldiers because there is no way to understand what war is like. Through this bitter and sad poem, the poet tries to bring out the theme of the poem – nobody can understand what war is like without personal experience.The lang uage the poet uses is clever in conveying the theme – a balance of symbolism, diction and alliteration is put to effective use in this poem. Something we cannot miss is the alliteration in the first stanza â€Å"slept soundly†. The repetition of the letter ‘s’ produces a harsh hissing sound, and this contributes to the bitter tone throughout the poem. Also, it puts emphasis on the phrase â€Å"slept soundly†. As we all know, people who can sleep soundly are those who have no worries and nagging troubles before going to bed. This highlights how the boy was so innocent, without any worries at all, at the start of his xperience in war. This is also brought out in â€Å"whistling†, an action done only when one is happy and carefree. The trenches symbolize the rotting function of war in the case of the poem. Throughout the year till winter, the trenches had apparently transformed a carefree, innocent and happy boy into a depressed, boy who â€Å" put a bullet through his brain†. The alliteration of the letter ‘b’ here also further creates a harsh, brute and bitter sound that adds on to the bitter mood, especially at the climax of the story told – the suicide.The clever rhyme of â€Å"brain† with â€Å"again† at line 8 tries to strike a connection that although a young innocent boy was dragged into war and fought violently for his country and himself, in the end, when he is being pushed to his limit, still â€Å"nobody spoke of him again†. This shows how cruel and selfish war is. It forces you to help – at such a young age – but yet does not remember or appreciate what you have done and sacrificed. In this case, the boy sacrificed his childhood fun, laughter, innocence and carefree life in return for nothing at all – not even a memory of him.How is war cruel? This is the perfect example. The diction used in the poem is especially strong. In the last stanza, t he word â€Å"kindling† is being used to describe the â€Å"eye(s)† of the â€Å"smug-faced crowd†. One must notice that this line is only devoted to facial description, and the â€Å"kindling† seems to be also a superficial countenance feature only. However, Siegfried tries to show with a sarcastic tone that they think that war is a glorious thing, they feel proud of these children, and seem to understand and appreciate what they are doing.But in reality, they can never imagine what these children are going through, and in reality, they don’t care or feel appreciative of what the children did. Therefore, the word kindling reveals the hypocrisy behind people who support war. In my personal opinion, the last stanza is the strongest and most impactful stanza. While the previous two stanza show the transformation of a single boy when he enters war, the last stanza directly attacks people who support war itself, at the thought of its glory and honor, b ut not give a thought about the â€Å"pawns† dying and suffering in war. Sneak home and pray you’ll never know† shows that while the hypocrites support war, under the glorious facade, they are not willing or are too afraid to think of the consequences, sacrifice and price of this meaningless war – a big price that separates thousands of families and destroy tens of thousands of children. The poet is just trying to use an extreme and most serious example to illustrate his point. Indeed, war is just so cruel – it takes away, but does not return – not even a single memory for dead people.It totally transform people from their happy and carefree state, into murderers constantly depressed and worried for their lives, yet guilty they killed their own kind. In war where humans are just pawns for a game of chess, nobody will understand how a soldier feels – constantly killing his own kind to defend himself, lacking in sleep, separated, maybe f orever, from their families and friends – unless they undergo war itself. I would like to end off with this quote from the U. S. Military force – â€Å"Nobody would understand a soldier, except for the soldier himself†.Contrastingly the Second Stanza curtails the mood of happiness and innocence, abruptly introducing the horrors of war, using descriptive language such as describing the trenches to be, â€Å"Winter trenches. † It is Sassoon's Juxtaposition in the swing of mood and ultimately the contrast between the characters love of life to his sudden hatred of life, resulting in suicide†¦ â€Å"He put a bullet through his brain† that shows the audience both the thematic idea and Sassoon's criticism of War's destruction of Innocence.

A Woman’s Place

â€Å"A woman's place is in the home. † This is a very old saying, and has today I think come to mean something very specific. When people use this expression today, it is usually in ridicule of someone else, and suggesting that they have very old-fashioned and reprehensible beliefs. The notion is that people who actually believe that the saying is true, believe that all women should be forced to stay in their homes, and not go out to work, or have careers, and that they should busy and content themselves with tidying up and decorating the home, to make it a pleasant place to be for their husbands who will appreciate this.On top of this, they must do the cooking and washing. If this is what the saying means, then I disagree with it. The saying refers to a very large and complicated topic: that of people's roles in society, and if I were forced to state that I either agreed or disagreed with the statement, then whichever answer I gave would be a simplification so great that it would be untrue. However, I may surprise you by stating that I am more in agreement with the statement than against it. The standard modern belief seems to be that the saying is wrong. Modern people also seem to believe that those who agree with the saying have old-fashioned views.Actually, I think that there is a confusion between modernity and older ways on this issue. The notion that a woman must stay at home and have no occupation, and instead make a nice nest is a modern one, not an old one. Before the industrial revolution, and right back to the start of farming, the home was not as it is now. There were no factories. Clothing for everyone was made in homes. There were no machines for spinning yarn, no automatic looms, no huge workplaces employing hundreds of people dyeing and sewing cloth. Instead, there was what we now call â€Å"cottage industry†.A region's cheeses were made in the homes of the locals. A woman who was good at making cheese or sewing could earn money this way, and she would work at home. There was no divide between the home and work. There were no office blocks, people did not commute, and no one was stopping women from working by confining them to their homes. Similarly, the modern home, in which a couple might live, is a modern thing. Homes until very recently were places where many people lived. Rich people had servants, and poor people had extended families, lodgers, and took on the task of looking after each others' children.Homes were not lonely prisons as they can be for the modern housewife. The idea that the home is a nice place to stay in and be proud of, and spend money on, is also quite modern, and of great convenience to the various DIY chains around today. Some great houses of the very wealthy were show-pieces, and used for entertaining, but for the common man, the house was a place where the roof kept his bed and belongings dry, and the floor was made of earth, and one room was a pig pen, and another was for weavi ng. My feeling is that people should act in whatever way is most likely to make them happy.Coercion tends to prevent happiness, and freedom tends to promote it. I do not think that a woman's place should be forced on her, I think that women should be free. I also think that if they were truly free to pick the path that would for them lead to the greatest contentment, that many more of them would end up not going out to work. The housing situation in modern Britain strikes me as inconvenient for the fostering of happiness. Whereas once a man could with a simple job support himself and his wife and family in a home, today most couples find that both of them have to work full time to afford a decent house.How can this be a good thing? Do women go out to work at the check-out counter of a supermarket because they love it? No, I suggest that they do this because they think that they need the money. Would it not be better that they did not have to do this? If they were free, would they no t prefer something else? House prices rise and fall dramatically. In recent times in Britain, they have risen very sharply. They have been subject to a inflationary force peculiar to themselves.In a given area, there are only so many houses. If everyone buys a house there for ?10,000, and each home is paid for by one person's wages, then perhaps this  situation could remain stable, or just follow the general pattern for inflation. But if later a couple, both of whom are working, buys one house for ?12,000, then the next person in the area selling his house will know that it is possible to get ?12,000 for it, and so will instruct his estate agent to get this amount for him. Soon, all the houses become â€Å"worth† ?12,000, and the cycle repeats, with the prices going ever upward until after a while the only way to afford a house there is to pay for it with the wages of two jobs, and all the women have to work. Are the people of that area now richer? Are they happier?Some of them might be, but for most the situation is that they do not have much or any more spending money, but instead money tied up in the same homes as before that today cost more, and now the women are all working, which makes everything difficult. Very few of the women will work at home, so the house will be empty most of the time. The thing itself that all this is for – the house – gets enjoyed less not more. Childcare becomes a huge problem.Many women will find themselves chasing their tails, trying to earn more so that they can afford to pay for child carers that they need because they are at work trying to get enough  money to pay for childcare. People who argue against a woman's place being in the home are often well-educated people who take great interest in their careers. It should be remembered though that most women are not highly career-oriented, educated and intelligent. Working the till at a supermarket is not a career, it is a job. Whereas an educated woman might get great fulfilment from working as a doctor in a hospital, I do doubt that this is why many women choose to scan in tins of baked beans for a living. Half of births are male. This is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future.There are areas in Britain where the traditional male jobs have disappeared. Mines and steel works have closed, the army is now very small, and machines have taken over the jobs of many men in what few shipyards and car factories are left. Nevertheless, men still seek these sorts of job. Most new jobs are taken up by women. In many places, this leads to a great amount of male unemployment, and a discontented underclass of unemployed males is not good for a stable and peaceful society. Would it not be better to have those men doing something useful that gave them self-respect and purpose?Men have evolved instincts that make them do things for women. They may not always realise that what they do is for women. Quite often, they may feel that the reverse is true. Men drive recklessly. This is not good for society. Evolution has favoured men who take risks and show off, however, because in the past these men passed on the most genes. Today, selfish men drive too fast and endanger us all, but the drive in them that makes them do this comes from the fact that women of the distant past were impressed by skill and daring. Today, men get a kick out of being able to support women.They also get a hefty kick in the confidence and self respect if they cannot do this. It is commonly remarked that men do not like to marry women who earn more than they do. Society at large does not respect the kept-man. Given that this stems from deeprooted instinct, it is incredibly unlikely that this will change in the near future. We could try and educate people to respect kept-men, and kept-men to be happy being kept, but this would be going against the grain of human nature. Surely it is much better to go with the grain of human nature.This way, rather tha n having a population that can tolerate the situation, you will have a population that will be happy. This may strike you as a ridiculous opinion, and an entirely subjective conclusion, but I must point out that there is a fundamental difference between the two states of being. In one, you have people who know that they ought to believe a certain thing because they have been told to, and who perhaps (though probably imperfectly) go along with this. With the other, you have a population that gets an endorphin rush from what it does.In our ancestral past, people did not have to fill in forms. They did have to copulate in order to pass on genes. Consequently, we did not evolve to get a natural mental high from form-filling, but we did evolve to get something of a pleasant sensation from copulation. Today, we have to fill in forms, but no amount of education can make formfilling fun, because our brains simply do not have a mechanism for releasing pleasure chemicals for form-filling. Our brains do, however, have very strongly hard-wired mechanism for rewarding sex.By the same logic you cannot educate men to be happy about being kept or women to be happy working in an office while a stranger looks after her kids. You can, of course, find exceptions. Somewhere, there is a happy kept-man, and a woman for whom photocopying forms is a continuous source of joy. I am writing about the great mass of people. One thing about the saying â€Å"a woman's place is in the home† is that people find it belittling. To them it suggests that women are lesser things, not clever enough to do anything more than dust and cook. There is nothing in the statement that says this.If another saying were â€Å"a man's place is in the army†, or â€Å"a man's place is in the factory†, would people similarly think this an insult to the intelligence of men? I think not. There is nothing innate to the saying â€Å"a woman's place is in the home† that means that women are s tupid. That association comes from the history of ideas – from old arguments that have been used to suggest that women are inferior. Let us forget them. An awful lot of work has been done on human intelligence, and one consistent result is that the average man and average woman are of equal overall intelligence.Success these days is rated in male terms, it seems. To become high rank in an organisation is high status and good, and to be applauded. To earn lots of money is impressive too. To be high-profile, assertive, and otherwise masculine receives praise and to be domestic and content is seen to be contrary to this. It is a great shame that women seem to see success in the same terms. To be self-respecting, they now are made to feel that they have to succeed as men. That they usually find that they are not as good as men at being male they often put down to prejudice and unfairness in society.If the only way they can succeed is at being male, and they are competing against men, then they will always lose. Similarly, men competing in a female world will always lose. Indeed, society is biased that way too, as any man who has tried to get custody of his children after a divorce will tell you. If women will always lose, then they are likely to end up discontent. Surely it would be better to go with the grain of human nature, and offer them a feminine form of success. We live in a money-driven economy. To eat, most people have to buy food from shops. Mothers need money to raise children.For the typical woman, there are two ways of getting it: from a man, or by earning it herself. Clearly the better of the two is from a man. You may be shocked to read this, but I really do mean it. If a woman can delegate the task of getting money to someone else, and by this method end up with the money she needs, then this is surely easier and better for her than having to manage the simultaneous tasks of bringing up children and working. People may admire working mothers , and say, â€Å"how ever do you manage it? † but I do not believe that these women chose their way of life for its ease and convenience.So, it is better for the mother and her children to get the money from a man. Men might prefer to spend all their money on themselves, but this does not mean that it is better that they do. Men do get a reward in self-esteem from supporting their own children, and surely it is good for a society that they do. It seems that it is better for women, for children, for men, and for society that women get financial support from men. This is all very well, but unfortunately, life is enormously more complicated than this may suggest. Marriages break down very often.One major reason that divorce is on the increase, is that women are more financially independent, and can afford to divorce. In a modern rich world, their children will not starve. After divorce, the typical woman is considerably poorer, and the typical man richer, but still women divorce their husbands. A society that forces women to stay in marriages they hate would be sub-optimal, but so too surely is a society in which marriage is close to meaningless. It could be that we have fallen into a post-industrial trap. The invention of farming was a bit like a trap.Before farming, people did not own land, and wandered around hunting and gathering. The population was low and scattered and free. Once farming started, people had to stay put to farm their land, and to guard it from pests and thieves. They had to regard the land they farmed as their own. Farming increases the number of people who can live in a given area of land, and after not many generations, it was impossible to go back to hunting and gathering, because the population was then too large to support that way, and the rest of the land was beingfarmed by people who didn't take kindly to poachers. The result was that people who were once free were now trapped in the backbreaking world of farming. Perhaps our economy will make it impossible for houses to be affordable for typical single wage earners. If enough people stay together for long enough to pay enough joint mortgages, then house prices can stay inflated. Governments could not simply intervene and lower the price of housing. Attempts to force people to sell things for less than they could get for them always fail one way or another.Something is only ever worth what someone else is prepared to pay for it. It could be that men have ended up in a world where male virtues are criticised in all but the successful few, and in which their male instincts cause them to pursue lives that will bring them little pleasure. Meanwhile women cannot feel respected without independence, but cannot get enough money without dependence on a man who might be gone tomorrow, and so still they have to go out and get jobs.

Thomas Hardy essays

Thomas Hardy essays Thomas Hardy was an English Writer who was born on June 2, 1840 in Higher Brockhampton Doretshire, England (Something About the Author 129). Hardy wrote form personal knowledge and experiences, his characters were real people of the time and settings consisted of places he had been. Many Things influenced Hardys writings throughout his life including his early life, work experiences and his first wife Emma Gifford Thomas Hardy did not begin his education until late in his childhood. He started to go to school at the age of eight years old and continued on through public school for eight more years. Following these eight years of general schooling Thomas went off to London to study at Kings College for five years after which his father, a stonemason, apprenticed him early to a local architect engaged in restoring old churches. The Royal Institute of British Architects awarded him with a medal because of the excellent work he had done as an architect (Dorset May 12, 1999). Thomas inherited his fathers business, but decided to give it to his brother Henry to take care of, which gave him more free time towards his passion of writing. Hardy worked for this architect for five years while at the same time took up poetry writing with little success. Thomas started writing many poems after he had completed his apprenticeship, but all were rejected except for one entitled How I Built Myself A House. This particular piece of literature was initially written for the entertainment of his friends, yet somehow appeared in Chambers Journal in 1865 (Dorset May 12, 1999). After minimal success with poetry Thomas turned to novels as a more reasonable approach to financially supporting himself through writing. By 1874 he had achieved his goal and was now able to maintain a stable life. The novels he wrote were not directly written as books, but in fact they were mostly published in monthly sections through magazines (a...

Visible Light Spectrum Overview and Chart

Visible Light Spectrum Overview and Chart The visible light spectrum is the section of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Essentially, that equates to the colors the human eye can see. It ranges in wavelength from approximately 400 nanometers (4 x 10 -7 m, which is violet) to 700 nm (7 x 10-7 m, which is red). It is also known as the optical spectrum of light or the spectrum of white light. Wavelength and Color Spectrum Chart The wavelength  of light,  which is related to frequency and energy, determines  the perceived color. The ranges of these different colors are listed in the table below. Some sources vary these ranges pretty drastically, and their boundaries are somewhat approximate, as they blend into each other. The edges of the visible light spectrum blend into the ultraviolet and infrared levels of radiation. The Visible Light Spectrum Color Wavelength (nm) Red 625 - 740 Orange 590 - 625 Yellow 565 - 590 Green 520 - 565 Cyan 500 - 520 Blue 435 - 500 Violet 380 - 435 How White Light is Split Into a Rainbow Most light that we interact with is in the form of white light, which contains many or all of these wavelength ranges. Shining white light through a prism causes the wavelengths to bend at slightly different angles due to optical refraction. The resulting light is split across the visible color spectrum. This is what causes a rainbow, with airborne water particles acting as the refractive medium. The order of wavelengths can be remembered by the mnemonic Roy G  Biv for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo (the blue/violet border), and violet. If you look closely at a rainbow or spectrum, you might notice that cyan also appears fairly distinctly, between green and blue. Most people cannot distinguish indigo from blue or violet, so many color charts omit it. By using special sources, refractors, and filters, you can get a narrow band of about 10 nanometers in wavelength that is considered  monochromatic  light. Lasers are special because they are the most consistent source of narrowly  monochromatic light  that we can achieve. Colors consisting of a single wavelength are called spectral colors or pure colors. Colors Beyond the Visible Spectrum The  human eye  and brain can  distinguish many more colors than those of the spectrum. Purple and magenta are the brains way of bridging the gap between red and violet. Unsaturated colors, such as pink and aqua, are also distinguishable, as well as brown and tan. However, some animals have a different visible range, often extending into the infrared range (wavelength greater than 700 nanometers) or ultraviolet (wavelength less than 380 nanometers). For example, bees can see ultraviolet light, which is used by flowers to attract pollinators. Birds also can see ultraviolet light and have markings visible under a black (ultraviolet) light. Among humans, there is variation between how far into red and violet the eye can see. Most animals that can see ultraviolet cant see infrared.

The Black Codes and Jim Crow's Laws Legislation Being the Reason for Essay

The Black Codes and Jim Crow's Laws Legislation Being the Reason for the Failure of Reconstruction in the US - Essay Example Racism and the direction of war to contain slavery in the early American society of 1800s saw two opposing sects of the society dragged into historical civil war.The civil war resulted due to the differences that existed between the Southern States and the Northern States concerning the fate and future of the slaves As at the time of this difference, the Northern States underwent rapid periods of industrialization and required labors to work in the industries. The Southern States on the other hand continued to practice plantation farming with the main crop being cotton. The process of working in the cotton farm required intensive labor that provided by the slaves. This explains the difficulty exhibited by the Southerners in releasing the slaves (Winslow 27). The Northerners held firmly and campaigned for the freedom of slaves to ensure their engagement in paying employment. This difference marked the actual start of the civil war with the Southerners seceding and organizing into Conf ederate Armies whiles the Northerners organizing into Union Armies. It was after the civil war of 1861 to 1865, that the Southern States that faced dire economic hardship combined to seek for reunion and reconstruction with the North. The journey to reconstruction particularly begun in 1865 after the end of the Civil war, and characterized with attempts of the Southerners to reconcile up with the North in order to solve political, economical and social problems faced by the individuals states. Reconstruction saw the previously seceded eleven Southern States applying for readmission into the Union (Franklin 64). Now, the North was under the dominance of the Republican legislators who unanimously supported the abolition process of the slaves. This stand invited proposal of firm and strict measures for the Southern States before regaining the admission in the Union. In so doing, the Northern and dominant legislatures approved the Reconstruction Act of 1867 as a basis of compliance for the Southern States before readmission. According to Franklin, the Reconstruction Act 1867 proposed for the establishment of military camps in the South (62). In the Act, Northerners demanded that Southerners accepts, comply and practice the 14th and 15th constitutional amendments before gaining readmission into the Union. The reconstruction process faced numerous impediments and hurdles mainly from the Black Codes and the Jim Crow’s laws. Franklin unravel that the Black Codes and the Jim Crow laws were all destined to disapprove the black race as well as express their inferiority in the societies (65). Black codes in specific were laws formed in 1865 in the Southern States to define the black race. The black codes mainly targeted at encouraging and promoting the supremacy of the white, while consolidating inferiority of the blacks. The black codes were integral strategies of the Southerners to ensure continued supply of cheap labor to work in the plantation firms. Determinat ion of race based on black codes concerned the amount of Negro blood exhibited by given individuals (Franklin 65). In addition, the black code laws protracted blacks as vagrant individuals when they lacked employment and permanent residence. The black code laws allowed for the arrests, fines and or bound for labor when unable to pay fines. Black coding in the Southern America also limited the volume and amount of wealth held by an individual black citizen. The aspects of black coding as introduced by the Southerners restrained blacks from engaging in businesses and some forms of technical trades. The black coding instituted by the Southerners, restricted the slaves and blacks from bearing any form of arm. The black codes also did not allow slaves to assemble without the inclusion of a white. As observed by Franklin, black coding also assisted the Southerners in extending